Rhode Island Lawyers Directory
Instant Court Records Search
Criminal Court Records, Civil Court Records, Traffic Court Records
Federal, State, County & Municipal Sources and Much More!
Petitioner versus Respondent | |
Shah McKenney More Information | Troy Williamson |
[Case # 2008cv00091/23874], [Filed: March 12, 2008] [ §U.S. Government Defendant ⚖ ] [Judge: David L. Martin, William E Smith] [jury demanded by 28:2241 Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (Federal)] ᐅ Troy Williamson | |
Rhode Island, March 23, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv00137/25909, some of the participants — ᐅ Sara Carcieri … In case 1:2009cv00137/25909 within US District Court for the District of Rhode Island, Sara Carcieri and AAC Realty, LLC brings a case against Federal Insurance Company. Filed on March 23, 2009, this legal matter relates to Plaintiff as per Diversity. The presiding judge is Mary M Lisi, David L. Martin, and the 28:1441 Notice of Removal-Insurance Contract has made a request for a jury trial. | |
Rhode Island, April 10, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009mc00037/26024, some of the participants — ᐅ Joseph S. Forte, ᐅ Joseph Forte … Alright, it's Securities and Exchange Commission and Commodity Futures Trading Commission taking on Joseph S. Forte and Joseph Forte, L.P. Case number case 1:2009mc00037/26024, started on April 10, 2009. It's about Other and it's in front of Judge Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith. | |
Rhode Island, May 05, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009mc00046/26143, some of the participants — ᐅ Benny L. Judah … Alright, it's Securities and Exchange Commission taking on Benny L. Judah and Excel Lease Fund, Inc. Case number case 1:2009mc00046/26143, started on May 05, 2009. It's about Other and it's in front of Judge Lincoln D. Almond, Mary M Lisi. | |
Rhode Island, June 11, 2007 ⚖ Case 1:2007cv00215/22454, some of the participants — ᐅ Sandra Jordan Perez … The legal proceedings in case 1:2007cv00215/22454 at US District Court for the District of Rhode Island involve Sandra Jordan Perez and NCO Financial Systems, Inc. Filed on June 11, 2007, this case focuses on Consumer Credit based on 15 U.S.C. § 1692 Fair Debt Collection Act. Judge Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith is presiding, and it's notable that the Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Rhode Island, June 11, 2007 ⚖ Case 1:2007cv00214/22453, some of the participants — ᐅ Sandra Jordan Perez … At the US District Court for the District of Rhode Island, the legal case 1:2007cv00214/22453 involves Sandra Jordan Perez and Protocol Recovery Services, Inc. Filed on June 11, 2007, this case deals with Consumer Credit based on 15 U.S.C. § 1692 Fair Debt Collection Act. Judge Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith is overseeing the proceedings, and it's worth noting that the Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Rhode Island, May 18, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv02832/26216, some of the participants — ᐅ Sandra Shipton … In the US District Court for the District of Rhode Island case 1:2009cv02832/26216, Sandra Shipton files a suit against Davol, Inc. and C.R. Bard, Inc. The filing date was May 18, 2009, and this case concerns Plaintiff under Diversity. Presiding over the case is Judge Lincoln D. Almond, Mary M Lisi. The Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Shalonda Spruill More Information | Gary Alexander |
[Case # 2009cv00292/26431], [Filed: July 06, 2009] [ §42 U.S.C. § 1983 Civil Rights Act ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] ᐅ Gary Alexander | |
Rhode Island, July 06, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009mc00067/26432, some of the participants — ᐅ Donald Anthony Walker Young, ᐅ Neely Young, ᐅ Dixon Stroud … Alright, check it—Securities and Exchange Commission is up against Donald Anthony Walker Young, Acorn Capital Management, LLC, Acorn II, L.P., Oak Grove Partners, L.P., Neely Young and W.B. Dixon Stroud, Jr. Case number case 1:2009mc00067/26432, kicked off on July 06, 2009. It's about Other and it's in front of Judge Mary M Lisi, David L. Martin. | |
Rhode Island, June 19, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv00277/26366, some of the participants — ᐅ Shawn L. Robinson, ᐅ Ashbel T. Wall, ᐅ Nancy Bailey, ᐅ David McCauley, ᐅ Jack Ward … At the US District Court for the District of Rhode Island, the legal case 1:2009cv00277/26366 involves Shawn L. Robinson and Ashbel T. Wall, II, Nancy Bailey, David McCauley, Jack Ward, Normandin, Sr. and Normandin, Jr. Filed on June 19, 2009, this case deals with P.I.: Other based on 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Prisoner Civil Rights. Judge Jacob Hagopian, William E Smith is overseeing the proceedings, and it's worth noting that Both have requested a jury trial. | |
Rhode Island, July 02, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv00288/26425, some of the participants — ᐅ Susan Gerardi, ᐅ William M. Conlin, ᐅ Lisa Ahava … The legal proceedings in case 1:2009cv00288/26425 at US District Court for the District of Rhode Island involve Susan Gerardi and William M. Conlin, M.D., Lisa Ahava, PA-C and The Westerly Hospital. Filed on July 02, 2009, this case focuses on Plaintiff based on 28 U.S.C. § 1332 Diversity-Personal Injury. Judge Lincoln D. Almond, Mary M Lisi is presiding, and it's notable that the Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Rhode Island, July 13, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv02882/26466, some of the participants — ᐅ Suzanne Sierson … The legal proceedings in case 1:2009cv02882/26466 at US District Court for the District of Rhode Island involve Suzanne Sierson and Davol Inc and CR Bard Inc. Filed on July 13, 2009, this case focuses on Plaintiff based on 28 U.S.C. § 1332 Diversity-Product Liability. Judge Lincoln D. Almond, Mary M Lisi is presiding, and it's notable that the Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Rhode Island, August 07, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv02894/26642, some of the participants — ᐅ Stephen Cowart … At the US District Court for the District of Rhode Island, the legal case 1:2009cv02894/26642 involves Stephen Cowart and Davol, Inc. and C.R. Bard, Inc. Filed on August 07, 2009, this case deals with Plaintiff based on Diversity. Judge Lincoln D. Almond, Mary M Lisi is overseeing the proceedings, and it's worth noting that the Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Rhode Island, August 07, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv02896/26639, some of the participants — ᐅ Sharon L. Beane … At the US District Court for the District of Rhode Island, the legal case 1:2009cv02896/26639 involves Sharon L. Beane and Davol, Inc. and C.R. Bard, Inc. Filed on August 07, 2009, this case deals with Plaintiff based on Federal Question. Judge Lincoln D. Almond, Mary M Lisi is overseeing the proceedings, and it's worth noting that the Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | Crossroads Rhode Island |
[Case # 2009cv00355/26633], [Filed: August 06, 2009] [ §42 U.S.C. § 1983 Civil Rights Act ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] ᐅ Crossroads Rhode Island | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | 1st Bank of Pike |
[Case # 2009cv00350/26628], [Filed: August 06, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question: Civil Rights Violation ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | Miami Dade County Public School |
[Case # 2009cv00352/26630], [Filed: August 06, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question: Civil Rights Violation ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | Suntrust |
[Case # 2009cv00354/26631], [Filed: August 06, 2009] [ §42 U.S.C. § 1983 Civil Rights Act ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | Dade County Health Department |
[Case # 2009cv00351/26629], [Filed: August 06, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question: Personal Injury ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Rhode Island, July 21, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv02873/26522, some of the participants — ᐅ Shannon McDonald … The legal proceedings in case 1:2009cv02873/26522 at US District Court for the District of Rhode Island involve Shannon McDonald and Davol, Inc. and C.R. Bard, Inc. Filed on July 21, 2009, this case focuses on Plaintiff based on Diversity. Judge Lincoln D. Almond, Mary M Lisi is presiding, and it's notable that the Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | St. Joseph's Hospital |
[Case # 2009cv00353/26622], [Filed: August 06, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question: Personal Injury ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | Pike Health Department |
[Case # 2009cv00344/26595], [Filed: August 04, 2009] [ §Federal Question ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | St. Joseph's Hospital |
[Case # 2009cv00341/26592], [Filed: August 04, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question: Personal Injury ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | Upson Regional Medical Center Hospital |
[Case # 2009cv00342/26594], [Filed: August 04, 2009] [ §Federal Question ⚖ ] [Judge: David L. Martin, William E Smith] | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | Greyhound Buses |
[Case # 2009cv00343/26593], [Filed: August 04, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question: Civil Rights Violation ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] ᐅ Greyhound Buses | |
Rhode Island, August 10, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv02912/26661, some of the participants — ᐅ Susan Sutton … In the US District Court for the District of Rhode Island case 1:2009cv02912/26661, Susan Sutton files a suit against Davol, Inc. and C.R. Bard, Inc. The filing date was August 10, 2009, and this case concerns Plaintiff under 28 U.S.C. § 1332 Diversity-Personal Injury. Presiding over the case is Judge Lincoln D. Almond, Mary M Lisi. The Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Rhode Island, October 29, 2008 ⚖ Case 1:2008cv02625/25085, some of the participants — ᐅ Sherry Ayers … At the US District Court for the District of Rhode Island, the legal case 1:2008cv02625/25085 involves Sherry Ayers and Davol, Inc. and C.R. Bard, Inc. Filed on October 29, 2008, this case deals with Plaintiff based on Diversity. Judge Lincoln D. Almond, Mary M Lisi is overseeing the proceedings, and it's worth noting that the 28:1332pip has requested a jury trial. | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | Woonsocket Police Department |
[Case # 2009cv00408/26792], [Filed: September 02, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question: Civil Rights Violation ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | Bank of America |
[Case # 2009cv00407/26788], [Filed: September 02, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question: Civil Rights Violation ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | Family Dollar Stores |
[Case # 2009cv00406/26790], [Filed: September 02, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1343 Violation of Civil Rights ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | ABAL Check Cash Financial Services, Inc. |
[Case # 2009cv00404/26794], [Filed: September 02, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question: Civil Rights Violation ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | MacDonalds |
[Case # 2009cv00410/26786], [Filed: September 02, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | Jackson Memorial Hospital |
[Case # 2009cv00409/26793], [Filed: September 02, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question: Civil Rights Violation ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] ᐅ Jackson Memorial Hospital | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | Processing Center |
[Case # 2009cv00405/26791], [Filed: September 02, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question: Civil Rights Violation ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | Johnny Bunkely, Jr |
[Case # 2009cv00403/26787], [Filed: September 02, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question: Civil Rights Violation ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] ᐅ Johnny Bunkely | |
Rhode Island, September 11, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv02959/26842, some of the participants — ᐅ Sharon Sealy … The legal proceedings in case 1:2009cv02959/26842 at US District Court for the District of Rhode Island involve Sharon Sealy and Davol, Inc. and C. R. Bard, Inc. Filed on September 11, 2009, this case focuses on Plaintiff based on Diversity. Judge Lincoln D. Almond, Mary M Lisi is presiding, and it's notable that the Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Rhode Island, September 14, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv02958/26847, some of the participants — ᐅ Sally Zohfeld … At the US District Court for the District of Rhode Island, the legal case 1:2009cv02958/26847 involves Sally Zohfeld and Davol, Inc. and C.R. Bard, Inc. Filed on September 14, 2009, this case deals with Plaintiff based on Diversity. Judge Lincoln D. Almond, Mary M Lisi is overseeing the proceedings, and it's worth noting that the Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Rhode Island, September 18, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv00438/26891, some of the participants — ᐅ Benjamin Paster … In the US District Court for the District of Rhode Island case 1:2009cv00438/26891, Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada files a suit against Benjamin Paster. The filing date was September 18, 2009, and this case concerns Plaintiff under 28 U.S.C. § 1332 Diversity-Insurance Contract. Presiding over the case is Judge Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith. The Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Rhode Island, September 18, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv00441/26897, some of the participants — ᐅ Shereen Koch … In case 1:2009cv00441/26897 within US District Court for the District of Rhode Island, Shereen Koch brings a case against I-Flow Corporation, Hospira, Inc., APP Pharmaceuticals, LLC, APP Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Abraxis Bioscience, LLC, Abraxis Bioscience, Inc., Astrazeneca Phamaceuticals LP and Astrazeneca LP. Filed on September 18, 2009, this legal matter relates to Plaintiff as per 28 U.S.C. § 1332 Diversity-Personal Injury. The presiding judge is David L. Martin, William E Smith, and the Plaintiff has made a request for a jury trial. | |
Rhode Island, September 24, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv00448/26913, some of the participants — ᐅ Selethea A. Dorsey, ᐅ Eddie B. Loyd … The legal proceedings in case 1:2009cv00448/26913 at US District Court for the District of Rhode Island involve Selethea A. Dorsey and Eddie B. Loyd. Filed on September 24, 2009, this case focuses on Plaintiff based on 28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question. Judge Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith is presiding, and it's notable that the Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Rhode Island, September 09, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv00421/26820, some of the participants — ᐅ Susan Felton, ᐅ Lewis B. Campbell, ᐅ Lawrence K. Fish, ᐅ Joe T. Ford, ᐅ Kathleen M. Bader, ᐅ R. Kelly Clark, ᐅ Ivor J. Evans, ᐅ Lord Powell, ᐅ James L. Ziemer, ᐅ Paul E. Gagne, ᐅ Dain M. Hancock, ᐅ Lloyd G. Trotter, ᐅ Thomas B. Wheeler, ᐅ Douglas J. … At the US District Court for the District of Rhode Island, the legal case 1:2009cv00421/26820 involves Susan Felton and Textron, Inc, Lewis B. Campbell, Lawrence K. Fish, Joe T. Ford, Kathleen M. Bader, R. Kelly Clark, Ivor J. Evans, Lord Powell, James L. Ziemer, Paul E. Gagne, Dain M. Hancock, Lloyd G. Trotter, Thomas B. Wheeler, Terrence C. O'Donnell and Douglas J. Filed on September 09, 2009, this case deals with Plaintiff based on 28 U.S.C. § 1132 E.R.I.S.A. Judge David L. Martin, Mary M Lisi is overseeing the proceedings, and it's worth noting that the Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | R. L. Hodo |
[Case # 2009cv00449/26921], [Filed: September 23, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | Providence Housing Authority |
[Case # 2009cv00451/26920], [Filed: September 23, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Rhode Island, September 23, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv00447/26911, some of the participants — ᐅ Selethea A. Dorsey, ᐅ Karen Lucas … At the US District Court for the District of Rhode Island, the legal case 1:2009cv00447/26911 involves Selethea A. Dorsey and Karen Lucas. Filed on September 23, 2009, this case deals with Plaintiff based on 28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question. Judge Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith is overseeing the proceedings, and it's worth noting that the Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Rhode Island, September 28, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv00456/26927, some of the participants — ᐅ Simeon J. Briggs, ᐅ James Weeden, ᐅ Michele Auger, ᐅ Nancy Bailey, ᐅ Joseph DiNitto … In case 1:2009cv00456/26927 within US District Court for the District of Rhode Island, Simeon J. Briggs brings a case against A. T. Wall, James Weeden, Michele Auger, Nancy Bailey and Joseph DiNitto. Filed on September 28, 2009, this legal matter relates to Plaintiff as per 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Prisoner Civil Rights. The presiding judge is Jacob Hagopian, William E Smith, and the Plaintiff has made a request for a jury trial. | |
Petitioner versus Respondent | |
Sandy Baez More Information | USA |
[Case # 2009cv00485/26992], [Filed: October 09, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 2255 Motion to Vacate Sentence ⚖ ] [Judge: William E Smith] | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | Wyndham Rewards and Bank of America |
[Case # 2009cv00463/26943], [Filed: September 30, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question: Civil Rights Violation ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] ᐅ Wyndham Rewards | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | AFSME |
[Case # 2009cv00462/26941], [Filed: September 30, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question: Civil Rights Violation ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Selethea A. Dorsey More Information | South Central Miami Dade County Public Schools and Miami Dade County Public Schools |
[Case # 2009cv00461/26942], [Filed: September 30, 2009] [ §28 U.S.C. § 1331 Fed. Question: Civil Rights Violation ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith] | |
Rhode Island, October 07, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv03003/26981, some of the participants — ᐅ Sylvia Jones … In the US District Court for the District of Rhode Island case 1:2009cv03003/26981, Sylvia Jones files a suit against Davol, Inc. and C.R. Bard, Inc. The filing date was October 07, 2009, and this case concerns Plaintiff under Diversity. Presiding over the case is Judge Lincoln D. Almond, Mary M Lisi. The Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Sanford M. Kirshenbaum More Information | The Secretary of Veterans Affairs and Chase Mortgage Company |
[Case # 2009cv00495/27006], [Filed: October 14, 2009] [ §Actions affecting property on which United States had lien ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, Mary M Lisi] | |
Rhode Island, October 22, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv00512/27041, some of the participants — ᐅ Benjamin Paster … In case 1:2009cv00512/27041 within US District Court for the District of Rhode Island, Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada brings a case against Benjamin Paster. Filed on October 22, 2009, this legal matter relates to Plaintiff as per 28 U.S.C. § 1332 Diversity-Declaratory Judgment. The presiding judge is Lincoln D. Almond, William E Smith, and the Plaintiff has made a request for a jury trial. | |
Plaintiff versus Defendant | |
Suzanne Naylor More Information | Michael J. Astrue |
[Case # 2009cv00466/26934], [Filed: September 29, 2009] [ §42 U.S.C. § 405 Review of HHS Decision (SSID) ⚖ ] [Judge: Lincoln D. Almond, Mary M Lisi] ᐅ Michael J. Astrue | |
Rhode Island, October 13, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv00492/27003, some of the participants — ᐅ Scott M. Trepod … At the US District Court for the District of Rhode Island, the legal case 1:2009cv00492/27003 involves Scott M. Trepod and Davol, Inc. and C.R. Bard, Inc. Filed on October 13, 2009, this case deals with Plaintiff based on 28 U.S.C. § 1332 Diversity-Product Liability. Judge Lincoln D. Almond, Mary M Lisi is overseeing the proceedings, and it's worth noting that the Plaintiff has requested a jury trial. | |
Rhode Island, October 23, 2009 ⚖ Case 1:2009cv02986/27045, some of the participants — ᐅ Susanna G Sandberg … At the US District Court for the District of Rhode Island, the legal case 1:2009cv02986/27045 involves Susanna G Sandberg and Davol, Inc and CR Bard, Inc. Filed on October 23, 2009, this case deals with Defendant based on 28 U.S.C. § 1441 Notice of Removal-Product Liability. Judge Lincoln D. Almond, Mary M Lisi is overseeing the proceedings, and it's worth noting that the Defendant has requested a jury trial. |